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An Evidence-Based Practice meets the following HCI criteria:

1. The program description includes at a minimum: the sponsoring organization, program goals, program implementation steps, and outcomes that have demonstrated program success in achieving the program goal in one or more localities.

2. The results from an evaluation of the program include quantitative measures showing improvement in the outcome(s) of interest after the implementation of the program (i.e. increase in smoking cessation, not just the delivery of a smoking cessation program). The outcome measure(s) is/are compared at relevant time periods before and after the intervention or program implementation. Alternatively, the evaluation study compares the outcome(s) between an intervention group and an appropriate control group.

3. The study is of peer-review quality and presents numbers in a scientific manner; measurements of precision and reliability are included (e.g. confidence intervals, standard errors), results from statistical tests show a significant difference or change in the outcome measure(s), and relevant point estimates and p-values are presented. Note: if the results from an evaluation of a program are presented in a scientific manner and the outcome measure is improved compared to the baseline measurement or the control group but the difference is not statistically significant, the practice is classified as effective and not evidence-based.

d-up: Defend Yourself!

Ranking	Evidence-Based Practice
Description	d-up: Defend Yourself! is an intervention designed by and developed for Black men who have sex with men (MSM). The program is designed to promote condom use and assist Black MSM to recognize and handle risk related racial and sexual bias. The d-up! intervention mantra is: Brothers Keeping Brothers Safe and refers to black MSM influencing one another to practice safer sex and stop the transmission of HIV. The program works to shift social norms regarding condom use by enlisting opinion leaders whose advice is respected and trusted by their peers. Opinion leaders are trained to change risky sexual norms of peers in their own social networks. Opinion leaders are prepared to deliver messages that counter racial and sexual biases directed toward Black MSM in society and ultimately result in risky sexual behavior. The Defend Yourself program has three main phases: 1) community discovery; 2) preparation of opinion leaders; 3) mobilization of opinion leaders. All phases are based on and supported by 2 theories: preparation for bias and diffusion of innovation. Preparation for bias refers to strategies used to promote positive identification with one's own racial or ethnic group to prepare people to succeed in the face of racial bias. Diffusion of innovation theory maintains that if a practice (such as condom use) is endorsed by a key community member, that practice will be adopted by the broader community over time. Implementation materials, Webinars, and the facilitators guide with handouts, activities and training aids are available through the CDC supported CDC supported Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI) program.
Goal / Mission	The overall goal of d-up! is to increase the number of black MSM who use a condom when they have sex.
Results / Accomplishments	The intervention was evaluated by a series of cross-sectional surveys. The first survey was administered before the intervention took place and then again every three months over the course of the year following the intervention. Significant decreases in unprotected receptive anal intercourse at 4 months (by 23.8%, n=287) and 8 months (by 24.7%, n=299) was observed. Moreover, significant decreases in unprotected insertive anal intercourse (by 35.2%), unprotected receptive anal intercourse (by 44.1%), and any unprotected anal intercourse (by 31.8%) at 12 months (n=268) was also observed.
Categories	Health / Wellness & Lifestyle Health / Immunizations & Infectious Diseases
Organization(s)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Source	Center on AIDS & Community Health (AED)
Location
Primary Contact	Kenneth T. Jones Prevention Research Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 600 Clifton Rd, NE (MS E-37) Atlanta, GA 30333 kjones4@cdc.gov
For more details	http://www.effectiveinterventions.org/en/HighIm...
Target Audience	Men, Racial / Ethnic Minorities
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Indicators

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·	Syphilis Incidence Rate
·	Pap Test History

Promising Practices

·	HIV Big Deal
·	Real Men are Safe (REMAS)
·	Many Men, Many Voices (3MV)
·	Man 2 Man Sexual Health Seminars
·	CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Interventions to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors or Increase Protective Behaviors to Prevent Acquisition of HIV in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Individual-, Group-, and Community-Level Behavioral Interventions
·	Project AIM
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